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- ********************************************************
- * Bacterial regulatory proteins, araC family signature *
- ********************************************************
-
- The many bacterial transcription regulation proteins which bind DNA through a
- 'helix-turn-helix' motif can be classified into subfamilies on the basis of
- sequence similarities. One of these subfamilies groups together the following
- proteins [1,2]:
-
- - aadA, a Bacillus subtilis bifunctional protein that acts both as a
- transcriptional activator of the ada operon and as a methylphosphotriester-
- DNA alkyltransferase.
- - adiY, from Escherichia coli.
- - appY, a protein which acts as a transcriptional activator of acid
- phosphatase and other proteins during the deceleration phase of growth and
- acts as a repressor for other proteins that are synthesized in exponential
- growth or in the stationary phase.
- - araC, the arabinose operon regulatory protein, which activates the
- transcription of the araBAD genes.
- - celD, the cel operon repressor.
- - cfaD, a protein which is required for the expression of the CFA/I adhesin
- of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.
- - envY, the porin thermoregulatory protein, which is involved in the control
- of the temperature-dependent expression of several Escherichia coli
- envelope proteins such as ompF, ompC, and lamB.
- - exsA, an activator of exoenzyme S synthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
- - fapR, the positive activator for the expression of the 987P operon coding
- for the fimbrial protein in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.
- - hrpB, a positive regulator of pathogenicity genes in Burkholderia
- solanacearum.
- - marA, which may be a transcriptional activator of genes involved in the
- multiple antibiotic resistance (mar) phenotype.
- - melR, the melibiose operon regulatory protein, which activates the
- transcription of the melAB genes.
- - mmsR, the transcriptional activator for the mmsAB operon in Pseudomonas
- aeruginosa.
- - msmR, the multiple sugar metabolism operon transcriptional activator in
- Streptococcus mutans.
- - pocR, a Salmonella typhimurium regulator of the cobalamin biosynthesis
- operon.
- - rhaR, the L-rhamnose operon regulatory protein, a transcriptional activator.
- - rhaS, a positive activator of genes required for rhamnose utilization.
- - rns, a protein which is required for the expression of the cs1 and cs2
- adhesins of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.
- - soxS, a protein that, with the soxR protein, controls a superoxide response
- regulon in Escherichia coli.
- - tetD, a protein from transposon TN10.
- - tcpN or toxT, the Vibrio cholerae transcriptional activator of the tcp
- operon involved in plius biosynthesis and transport.
- - ureR, the transcriptional activator of the plasmid-encoded urease operon in
- Enterobacteriaceae.
- - virF or lcrF, the Yersinia virulence regulon transcriptional activator.
- - virF, the Shigella flexneri transcriptional factor of invasion related
- antigens ipaBCD.
- - xylS, the xyl operon regulatory protein, a transcriptional activator of the
- Pseudomonas putida tol plasmid xylDLEGF genes.
- - yfeG, an Escherichia coli hypothetical protein.
- - yidL, an Escherichia coli hypothetical protein.
- - yijO, an Escherichia coli hypothetical protein.
-
- Except for celD, all of these proteins seem to be positive transcriptional
- factors. Their size range from 107 (soxS) to 321 (xylS) residues. The helix-
- turn-helix motif is located in the third quarter of each sequences; the N-
- terminal and central regions of these proteins are presumed to interact with
- effector molecules and may be involved in dimerization as well. As a signature
- pattern we selected a conserved region which is located at the C-terminal part
- of the sequences, some 30 residues after the DNA-binding region.
-
- -Consensus pattern: [LIV]-x(2)-[LIVMTA]-[GSA]-x(3)-[GNQ]-[IFY]-x(5)-[LF]-x(3)-
- [FY]-x(7)-P
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
-
- -Expert(s) to contact by email: Ramos J.L.
- jlramos@cnbvx3.cnb.uam.es
-
- -Last update: June 1994 / Pattern and text revised.
-
- [ 1] Gallegos M.-T., Michan C., Ramos J.L.
- Nucleic Acids Res. 21:807-810(1993).
- [ 2] Henikoff S., Wallace J.C., Brown J.P.
- Meth. Enzymol. 183:111-132(1990).
-